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PhraseBook Read More Research groups and teaching | About the PhraseBook for Writing Papers and Research in English'this material, prepared by experienced editors, is certainly very useful'
PhrasesThe PhraseBook for Writing Papers and Research in English provides you with a corpus of 5000 words and phrases. The PhraseBook is designed to be used in a wide range of subjects and is suitable for all types of university papers and research publications. Phrases are divided into around 30 main sections that follow the structure of university and research writing, such as Introducing a study, Defining the scope of a study, Arguing for and against, Reviewing other work, Summarizing and Conclusions. Many sections are further divided, for example the Relationship to previous work, the Relationship to current work, Contrasting work and the Limitations of current knowledge. The PhraseBook is available in both paperback and digital versions. All versions are identical in content and can be ordered online on our website. The digital version allows you to search the PhraseBook for a specific word or phrase and paste it into your text. For instance, by searching for 'theory' you find:
Writing HelpThe ability to write well at university and research level is a valuable skill: good writing lends credibility to a text, just as poor writing can detract from it. The PhraseBook therefore includes Writing Help sections with advice on grammar, style and punctuation in university and research writing. These sections help you avoid many common errors in English before submitting your text, for instance for examination or publication. The PhraseBook has been written very much with international use in mind. It suggests ways to make your writing standard worldwide, avoiding national shibboleths:
British and American alternatives are marked throughout the PhraseBook, and a detailed list of British-US spelling differences is given in the Writing Help section. The PhraseBook is also suitable for writing in or for other English-speaking countries, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and South Africa.
English spelling is notoriously inconsistent, and although computer spelling checkers highlight spelling mistakes, they often do not detect words written correctly but used in the wrong context - principle and principal or causal and casual for example. Misspellings and malapropisms such as Jane Austen's heroin, currant research or the human gnome project might amuse your readers but would detract from your credibility. The PhraseBook therefore includes a number of sections on commonly confused words in university and research writing, for example:
StyleEnglish, as all languages, has variations of style, from the most colloquial to the most formal. Informally you may have a hunch, but in a paper, thesis or research report you put forward a hypothesis. While colloquial forms can sometimes be used for stylistic effect, in university and research writing more formal style is the norm, and this helps your writing to be taken seriously. The PhraseBook includes a number of Writing Help sections on university and research style, for example:
PunctuationPunctuation is governed by rules, but these rules are in some cases arbitrary and inconsistent. A number of Writing Help sections in the PhraseBook give advice on punctuation in university and research writing, including differences between British and American English:
NumbersThe PhraseBook also includes help sections on writing numbers:
As well as Roman numerals and Greek and Latin numerical affixes:
University and research thesaurusA thesaurus helps you build a richer vocabulary and avoid using the same expressions over and again. However, a conventional thesaurus has the drawback that it includes synonyms that are unsuitable for university and research writing. Similarly, thesauruses included with computer word processors are often inadequate: for example, for insight the most common word processor suggests just around the corner. The PhraseBook thesaurus, on the other hand, is specifically compiled for university and research writing, and contains both synonyms (words with a similar meaning) and antonyms (words with the opposite meaning). It has been designed to make it easy to find related words. Key words have umbrella headings, for example:
GlossaryA great deal of English academic vocabulary derives from Latin and Greek. Much has also been borrowed from or via French, as well as from other languages such as German, Italian and Arabic in subjects such as Psychology, Music, Science and Mathematics. In addition, many of the abbreviations common in university and research writing (such as e.g., i.e. and etc.) and many everyday academic terms (such as campus, school and curriculum) derive from Latin or Greek. Given the large number of foreign elements in English university and research vocabulary, it can be difficult to guess the meaning of an unfamiliar word, and Greek and Latin elements - such as tele-vision - are still used to coin new scientific terms today. Knowledge of some Greek and Latin helps to decipher the meaning of many terms, not least for speakers from parts of the world with other classical languages. The PhraseBook therefore includes a glossary with:
University and research abbreviations such as:
And Greek, Latin and other elements:
Reference sectionFinally, the PhraseBook includes a reference section with SI prefixes and SI and British-American units:
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